Description
1. Botanical Information
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Botanical Name: Ficus species
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Common Names: Ficus, Fig Tree, Rubber Fig (for some varieties)
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Family: Moraceae
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Type: Evergreen tree or shrub; can also grow as a climber in some varieties
2. Origin & Distribution
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Native To: Tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, and the Pacific Islands
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Widely cultivated around the world for ornamental, indoor, and landscaping purposes
3. Physical Characteristics
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Height & Spread: Varies with species; can range from 1 meter (for indoor varieties) to 20 meters tall (for outdoor trees)
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Leaves: Broad, glossy, deep green leaves; some varieties have variegated leaves
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Roots: Some species develop aerial roots, which can hang or attach to supports
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Flowers & Fruit: Small, inconspicuous flowers; produces fig-like fruits in some species
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Bark & Stem: Smooth to rough bark depending on the species; stems can be woody and strong
4. Growing Conditions
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Light: Prefers bright, indirect sunlight; some outdoor varieties tolerate full sun
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Soil: Well-draining, fertile soil; tolerates a variety of soil types
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Watering: Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged; indoor varieties tolerate slight drying between watering
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Temperature: Thrives in tropical to subtropical climates; indoor plants prefer 18–25°C
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Humidity: Prefers moderate to high humidity
5. Maintenance & Care
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Pruning: Regular pruning helps maintain shape and remove dead or yellowing leaves
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Fertilization: Apply balanced liquid fertilizer during growing season for healthy growth
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Pests/Diseases: Susceptible to mealybugs, spider mites, scale insects, and root rot if overwatered
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Propagation: Commonly propagated through stem cuttings, air layering, or seeds
6. Uses & Benefits
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Ornamental Value: Popular as indoor plants, bonsai, office décor, and garden landscaping
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Air Purification: Known to improve indoor air quality by filtering toxins
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Cultural & Religious Significance: Certain Ficus species are considered sacred in Hinduism and Buddhism
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Shade & Landscaping: Outdoor varieties provide shade and aesthetic appeal in parks and streets
7. Lifespan
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Evergreen perennial; indoor varieties can live 10–15 years, while outdoor trees can live for several decades to over 50 years
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